Cammak Plates of Pravarasena II

Lines 1-17

Seen. Hail! From Pravarapura:
By the order of the illustrious Pravarasena II, the mahārāja of the Vākāṭakas, who is a fervent devotee of Maheśvara; who, by the grace of Śambhu, has established the Kṛta yuga (Golden Age) on the earth; who was born of Prabhāvatīguptā, the daughter of the mahārājādhirāja, the illustrious Devagupta; and who is the son of the Mahārāja, the illustrious Rudrasena II, who acquired an abundance of prosperity by the grace of the Divine Lord Cakrapāṇi (Viṣṇu), and who was the son of the illustrious Pṛthivīseṇa I, the mahārāja of the Vākāṭakas, who was intensely devoted to the god Maheśvara, who was endowed with truthfulness, straightforwardness, compassion, heroism, valour, political wisdom, modesty, high-mindedness, intelligence, devotion to worthy persons, and with the state of being a righteous conqueror, purity of mind, and such other qualities, who had sons and grandsons and a continuous supply of treasure and army which had been accumulating for a hundred years, who conducted himself like Yudhiṣṭhira, and who was the son of the illustrious Rudrasena I, the mahārāja of the Vākāṭakas and the son of Gautamīputra, who was intensely devoted to the god Svāmi-Mahābhairava, who was the daughter’s son of the illustrious Bhavanāga, the mahārāja of the Bhāraśivas, whose royal family was created by Śiva, who was greatly pleased by their carrying the liṅga of Śiva like a load placed on their shoulders, and who were besprinkled on their heads with the pure water of the river Bhāgīrathī that had been obtained by their valour, who was the son of the illustrious Pravarasena I, the mahārāja of the Vākāṭakas, the Samrāṭa (Universal Monarch), who performed the Agniṣṭoma, Āptoryāma, Ukthya, Ṣoḍaśin, Atirātra, Vājapeya, Bṛhaspatisava, Sādyaskra, and four Aśvamedhas, and who was of the Viṣṇuvṛddha gotra.

Lines 18-35

The village named Carmāṇka, consisting of eight thousand, 8000, nivartanas of land according to the royal measure, situated on the bank of the river Madhunadī in the rājya of Bhojakaṭa, has, at the request of Koṇḍarāja, the son of Śatrughnarāja, been given to a thousand Brāhmaṇas of various gotras and caraṇas.

Wherefore, our officials of noble birth, who are employed by the order of the sarvādhyakṣa (General Superintendent) and who exercise their authority by our command, and our soldiers and policemen, should be directed by the following command which is already well-known to them:

“Be it known to you that in order to increase our religious merit, life, power, victory, and prosperity, to secure our well-being in this world and the next, and to obtain blessings for ourself, We have given here in our victorious place of religious worship, with the pouring out of water, this village as a gift not previously made.

And we grant the following exemptions which are incidental to a village bestowed on a brāhmaṇa proficient in the four Vedas and are appropriate, as approved by former kings: It is not to pay taxes; it is not to be entered by soldiers and policemen; it does not entitle the State to its customary right on cows and bulls; it also does not entitle it to royalties on flowers and milking; it is exempt from the obligation to provide grass, hides as seats, and charcoal to touring royal officers; it is exempt from royalties on the purchase of fermenting liquors and the digging of salt; it is free from all kinds of forced labour; it is donated together with the right to hidden treasures and deposits and together with major and minor taxes; it is to be enjoyed as long as the sun and the moon will endure, and it is to follow the succession of sons and son’s sons. None should cause an obstruction while the donee or his successor is enjoying it. This grant should be preserved and increased by all means. And whoever, disregarding our order, will himself cause or make others cause even the slightest obstruction, upon him, when complained against by the brāhmaṇas, we will inflict punishment together with a fine.”

Line 36

The following two verses sung by Vyāsa should be regarded as an authority on this point:

(Here occur two benedictive and imprecatory verses.)

Lines 39-43

And this condition of the charter should be maintained by the brāhmaṇas and future kings: This grant shall be enjoyed by the brāhmaṇas as long as the sun and the moon will endure, provided that they commit no treason against the kingdom, consisting of seven constituents, of the future kings; that they are not found guilty of the murder of a brāhmaṇa, theft, adultery, and high treason, etc.; that they do not wage war; and that they do no harm to other villages. But if they act otherwise or assent to such acts, the king will commit no theft if he takes the land away from them.

Lines 44-58

And the recipients of the grant appointed for the occasion in this respect are as follows:
Gaṇārya of the Śāṭyāyana gotra; Devārya of the Vātsya gotra; Kumāraśarmārya of the Bhāradvāja gotra; Guhaśarman of the Pārāśarya gotra; Devārya of the Kaśyapa gotra; and Maheśvarārya and Mātrārya; Rudrārya of the Kauṇḍinya gotra; Somārya and Hariśarmārya; Kumāraśarmārya of the Bhāradvāja gotra; Mātṛśarman of the Kauṇḍinya gotra; and Varaśarman, Goṇḍaśarman, and Nāgaśarman; Śāntiśarman of the Bhāradvāja gotra; and Rudraśarman; Bhojakadevārya of the Vātsya gotra; and Maghaśarman and Devaśarman; Mokṣaśarman of the Bhāradvāja gotra; and Nāgaśarman, Revatiśarman, and Dharmārya; Śarmārya of the Bhāradvāja gotra; and Nandanārya, Mūlaśarman, Īśvaraśarman, and Varaśarman; Skandārya of the Vātsya gotra; Bappārya of the Bhāradvāja gotra; and Dharmārya; Skandārya of the Ātreya gotra; Somaśarmārya of the Gautama gotra; and Bhartṛśarman; Rudraśarmārya, Maghārya, Mātṛśarmārya, and Īśvaraśarmārya; Mātṛśarmārya of the Gautama gotra; Devaśarmārya of the Kauṇḍinya gotra; and Varaśarmārya and Rohārya; Svāmidevārya of the Gautama gotra; and Revatiśarmārya and Jyeṣṭhaśarmārya; Kumāraśarmārya of the Śāṇḍilya gotra; and Svātiśarmārya; and Kāṇḍārya of the Śāṭyāyana gotra, and others.

Line 59

This charter has been written, Citravarman being the senāpati, on the thirteenth lunar day of the bright fortnight of the month Jyeṣṭha in the eighteenth, 10 and 8, regnal year.

SEAL

This is the enemy-chastising command of the king Pravarasena II, the ornament of the Vākāṭakas, who has attained royal fortune by inheritance.