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Kolhāpur Plates of Gaṇḍarāditya : Śaka Year 1037

Table of Contents
›Introduction
›Original Text
›Translation
›Bibliography & Research
Introduction

Discovered originally by Prof. R. N. Apte of Kolhapur, this set of three copper plates are bound by a circular ring soldered to a rectangular seal depicting a flying Garuḍa holding a cobra. The inscription is engraved in Kannada characters, utilising a mix of Sanskrit and Kannada languages.

Issued from king’s residence at Vaḷayavāḍa in Śaka year (1115 CE), coinciding with the Vṛiścika saṅkrānti, the charter records a grant made by mahāmaṇḍaleśvara Gaṇḍarāditya. The king donated the village of Ādage, along with the incorporated villages of Aṅkulage and Boppeyavāḍa located in the Miriñja gampaṇa of Miriñja deśa (modern Miraj), to his vassal Noḷamba of the Nigumba family. The grant specifies exemptions from the āruvaṇa tax and lays down strict administrative conditions about the remunerations of the local headmen (nārgāvuṇḍas) based on their fulfillment of duties.

 

edit-icnEditor's Comment:
Verses 10 through 13 delineate the military campaigns of Bhoja I, specifically recording the defeat and execution of the Kadamba monarch, Śāntara (Śāntivarman II). The narrative employs a vivid metaphor, characterising the presentation of the vanquished king’s severed head as a lotus-like tribute to the feet of his suzerain, the Cālukya emperor Vikramāditya VI.
Original Text
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First Side

1. siddham | svasti | jayatyāviṣkṛtaṃ viṣṇorvvārāhaṃ kṣobhitārṇṇavam | dakṣiṇonnatadaṃṣṭrāgraviśrā-

2. ntabhuvanaṃ vapuḥ || jayati jagati rūḍho rājalakṣmīnivāsaḥ pravijitaripu-

3. varggassvīkṛtotkṛṣṭadurggaḥ | sakaḷa sukṛtavāso vīralakṣmīvilāso janitasujana-

4. rāgaḥ śrīśilāhāravaṃśaḥ || śrīmacchilāhāranarendravaṃśe śrīkīrttikāntāḥ kamanī-

5. yarūpāḥ | vikhyātaśauryyā vahavo nṛpendrāḥ saṃpālayāmāsurimāṃ dhari-

6. trim || tadvaṃśe nṛpatirbbabhūva jatigo gomanthadurggādhipo māmaḥ śrīvanitāpatissu-

7. carito gaṃgasya permānaḍeḥ | tasyā bhūttanaya pratāpanilayaḥ śrīnāyimāṃ-

8. ko nṛpaḥ karṇṇāṭīkucakuṅkumāṅkitatanurvvidyādharādhīśvaraḥ || tasyātma-

9. jastuparivarddhitarājalakṣmī prādurbbabhūva samupārjjitapuṇyapuñjaḥ |

10. candrāhvayo jagati viśrutakīrttikāntastyāgārṇṇavo budhanuto nayanābhi-

11. rāmaḥ || tasyāpi putro jatigo narendro jātaḥ pravīro gajayūthanāthaḥ | tasyā-

12. tmajau goṅkalagūvalākhyau jātāvubhau vairikulādrivajrau || tadgoṅkalasya tanujo ripudanti-

13. siṃhaḥ śrīmārasiṃhanṛpatirmmaruvakkasarppaḥ | prādurbbabhūva samarāṅgaṇasūtra –

14. dhāro vikhyātakīrttiriha paṇḍitapārijātaḥ || tasyāgrasūnurjagadekavīro vī-

15. rāṅganābāhulatāvagūḍhaḥ | kīrttipriyo gūvaladevanāmā vabhūva bhūpāla-

16. varo narendraḥ || tasyānujassakalamaṅgalajanmabhūmirāsīnnṛpālatilako bhuvi bhoja-

17. devaḥ | prottuṅgavīravanitāśrayabāhudaṇḍaścaṇḍārimaṇḍalaśirogirivajradaṇḍaḥ ||

Second Plate: First Side

18. śrīmatkadaṃbāṃbaratigmaraśmeśśirassarojaṃ khalu śāntarasya | pūjāṃ pracakre sa ca cakravarttiśrīvikra-

19. mādityanarendrapāde || kiṃ varṇyate jagati vīrataraḥ prasiddhaḥ kopāttu koṅgajanṛpopi

20. papāta yasya | sūryyānvayāṃbararavissa ca vijjaṇopi cakre gṛhaṃ surapaterbbhuvi ya-

21. sya kopāt || yatpratāpapradīpesmin kokkallaśśalabhāyitaḥ | palāyitā na gaṇyante soyaṃ

22. bhojanṛpālakaḥ || veṇugrāmadavānalo vijayate vairībhakaṇṭhīravo govindapralayānta-

23. kaḥ śikhariṇo vajraḥ kurañjasya ca | bhojaḥ svīkṛtakoṅkaṇo bhujaballāttadbhillamodbandha-

24. kṛtsoyaṃ karṇṇadiśāpaṭo ripukubhṛddorddaṇḍakaṇḍūharaḥ || tasyānujāto guṇarāśi-

25. rāsīd ballāladevo jitavairibhūpaḥ | jīmūtavāhānvayaratnadīpo gaṃbhīra-

26. mūrttirbbhuvi śauryyaśālī || ajani tadanujātastigmaraśmipratāpo divijapativi-

27. bhūtissarvvalakṣmīnivāsaḥ | kṛtaripumadabhaṅgo rājavidyāprasaṅgo bhuvanavi-

28. nutamūrttirggaḍarādityadevaḥ || cakre cālukyacakreśo vikramādityavallabhaḥ | niśśaṃ-

29. kamalla ityākhyāṃ gaṇḍarādityabhūpateḥ || dhanyāste mānavāssarve dhanyāśca mṛgajāta-

30. yaḥ | sa deśassaphalo yatra gaṇḍarādityabhūpatiḥ || yatkhadgādbhutatīvraghā-

31. tacakitastatkuṇḍideśādhipo daṇḍabrahmanṛpo jagāma sadanaṃ saṃsevyamānaṃ suraiḥ |

32. tyaktvā rāṣṭramatīva ramyamatulāṃ lakṣmīṃ bhujopārjjitāṃ soyaṃ gaṇḍaradevama-

33. ṇḍalapatissaṃśobhate bhūtale || ratnāni yatnena dadāti tasmai ratnāka-

34. ro bhaṅgabhayājjaḍātmā | āpūryya samyaksatataṃ vahitraṃ sūkṣmāṇi

35. vāsāṃsi hayāṃśca tasmai || kimiha bahubhiruktairalpagarbbhairvvacobhirbbhuvana-

Second Plate: Second Side

36. viditavīraḥ krūrasaṅgrāmadhīraḥ | aparanṛpatikośaṃ deśamatyantaśobhaṃ yadi sa kupitacittaḥ

37. kārayatyātmakīyam || samadhigatapañcamahāśabdamahāgaṇḍaleśvaraḥ | tagarapuravarā-

38. dhīśvaraḥ | śrīśilāhāranarendraḥ | jīmūtavāhanānvayaprasūtaḥ | suvarṇṇagaruḍa –

39. dhvajaḥ | maruvakkasarppaḥ | ayyanasiṃhaḥ | ripumaṇḍalikabhairavaḥ | vidviṣṭagajakaṇṭhī-

40. ravaḥ | gaṇikāmanojaḥ | hayavatsarājaḥ | śaucagāṅgeyaḥ | satyarādheyaḥ |

41. iḍuvarādityaḥ | rūpanārāyaṇaḥ | kaliyugavikramādityaḥ | śanivāra-

42. siddhiḥ | giridurggalaṅghanaḥ | śrīmanmahālakṣmīlabdhavaraprasādādisamastarājāva-

43. līvirājitaḥ śrīmanmahāmaṇḍaleśvaraḥ śrīgaṇḍarādityadevaḥ śrīmadvalaya-

44. vāḍaśivire sukhasaṅkathāvinodena rājyaṃ kurvāṇaḥ | saptatriṃśaduttarasaha-

45. sreṣu śakavarṣeṣu 1037 atīteṣu manmathasaṃvatsare kārttikamāse śuklapakṣe |

46. aṣṭamyāṃ budhavāre miriñjedeśe | miriñjegaṃpaṇamadhye aṅkulage boppe-

47. yavāḍa itigrāmadvayaṃ ādagenāmagrāme praviṣṭaṃ kṛtvā tadgrā-

48. māruvaṇaṃ tyaktvā tatratyanārgāvuṇḍā yadi nāyakatvaṃ kurvvanti teṣāṃ

49. śarīrajīvitārttha suvarṇṇa na dadāti yadi nāyakatvaṃ necchanti svecchayā tiṣṭhanti ta-

50. dā koḍevaṇaṃ nāsti | evamanena krameṇa śrīmatpavitretra niguṃva-

Third Plate

51. vaṃśe jātaḥ pumān horimanāmadheyaḥ | kīrttipriyaḥ puṇyadhanaḥ prasiddhaḥ śrī-

52. jainasaṅghāṃbujatigmaraśmiḥ || tasyātmajobhūdiha bīraṇākhyastasyānujo bhū-

53. darikesarīti | tadbīraṇasyāpi tanūbhavoyaṃ vabhūva kundātiriti prasiddhaḥ || 

54. tasyānujassuparipālitabandhuvarggaḥ śrīnāyimo jinamatāṃbudhican-

55. dra eṣaḥ | tyāgānvitassucaritassujano babhūva prakhyātakīrttiriha dharmmapa-

56. raḥ prasiddhaḥ || tasyāpi vīraḥ sujanopakārī nolaṃbanāmā tanayo babhūva |

57. śrīgaṇḍarādityapadābjabhṛṅgo dharmmānvito vairimataṅgasiṃhaḥ || tasmai

58. samastaguṇagaṇālaṃkṛtāya niguṃbakulakamalamārttaṇḍāya | suvarṇṇama-

59. tsyoragendradhvajavirājitāya samyaktvaratnākarāya padmāvatīdevīlabdhavara-

60. prasādāya nolaṃvasāmantāya sarvanamasyaṃ sarvvavādhāparihāraṃ putra-

61. pautrikamācandrārkkaṃ dattavān |

Translation

Success! Hail!

Verse 1

Victorious is Viṣṇu’s manifested Boar-form, which agitated the ocean, and which had the earth resting on the tip of its up-lifted right tusk.

Verse 2

Victorious is the illustrious Śilāhāra family, which is well established in the world, which is the abode of royal fortune, which has vanquished a number of its foes, which has chosen for its residence an excellent fort which is the repository of all merits, and the place of dalliance of the goddess of heroism, and which has endeared itself to all good people.

Verse 3

In the illustrious Śilāhāra royal family, many great kings, attractive with their royal fortune and fame, endowed with a lovely form, and possessed of far–famed valour, gave protection to this earth.

Verse 4

In that family there flourished king Jatiga I, the lord of the Gomantha fort, the righteous consort of the lady that is the royal fortune and the maternal uncle of the Gaṅga Permānaḍi. His son was the illustrious king known as Nāyima, the abode of valour and the lord of the Vidyādharas, whose body was marked with the saffron-paste on the breasts of the Karṇāṭa ladies.

Verse 5

His son was named Candra, who greatly increased his royal fortune, who accumulated a mass of religious merit, who appeared lovely with his fame spread in the whole world, who was a veritable ocean of charity, praised by the learned and charming to eyes.

Verse 6 

His son, again, was king Jatiga II, a great warrior, who commanded a troop of elephants. His sons were named Goṅkala and Guvala I, who were thunderbolts to the chief mountains that were their foes.

Verse 7

That Goṅkala’s son was the illustrious king Mārasiṃha, a lion to the elephants in the form of his enemies, a serpent to the hostile army, the Director on the field of battle, who was far-famed and was a veritable Pārijāta to learned men.

Verse 8

His elder son was the best of kings, Guvaladeva II by name, a pre-eminent warrior of the world, who was embraced by the creeper-like arms of the wives of warriors and who was fond of glory.

Verse 9

His younger brother was Bhojadeva I, the source of all blessed things, an ornament to the rulers of the world, whose long arm gave refuge to the wives of eminent warriors, and who was a thunderbolt to the mountains that were the heads of fierce foes.

Verse 10

The head of Śāntara was verily a lotus. Śāntara, who was the sun shining in the sky in the form of the prosperous Kadamba family.  He (i.e. Bhoja) offered worship with it to the feet of the illustrious Suzerain Vikramāditya.

Verse 11

How can that far-famed great warrior be praised—by whose anger even the king Koṅgaja suffered downfall and even that Bijjaṇa, the sun shining in the firmament of the solar race, went to the abode of the lord of gods?

Verse 12

He is that king Bhoja, on the lamp of whose valour Kokkalla was burnt like a moth. The number of those who took to their heels before him could not be counted.

Verse 13

Victorious is Bhoja, the wild fire to Veṇugrāma, a lion to the elephants that were his enemies, the god of world-destruction to Govinda, a thunderbolt to the mountain in the form of Kurañja, who occupied Koṅkaṇa by the might of his arms and released Bhillama from captivity…… and who put an end to the itch of the long arms of the wicked hostile kings.

Verse 14

His younger brother was Ballāladeva, who had a multitude of good qualities, who vanquished hostile kings, who was as it were a jewelled light to the family of Jīmūtavāhana, who had a serene form, and who shone on the earth by his valour.

Verse 15

Then there was born his younger brother Gaṇḍarādityadeva, whose valour is unbearable like the heat of the sun, who resembles Indra in his prosperity, who is an abode of all kinds of royal fortune, who has quelled the pride of his enemies, who is devoted to political science, and whose form is eulogised by the whole world.

Verse 16

His lord Vikramāditya, the Cālukya Emperor, gave the title of Niśśaṅkamalla (the Fearless Wrestler) to King Gaṇḍarāditya.

Verse 17

Blessed are all those persons, blessed are all those beats, flourishing is that country where there is king Gaṇḍarāditya!

Verse 18

That Gaṇḍaradeva, the lord of the maṇḍala is shining on the earth—being surprised by the marvellous and fierce stroke of whose sword, king Daṇḍabrahman, the lord of the Kuṇḍi country, went to the abode of gods (i.e. died), leaving here his extremely lovely kingdom and matchless fortune acquired by his arm.

Verse 19

Being overwhelmed with the fear of destruction, the ocean offers him jewels with care and also thin garments and horses, constantly loading the ships therewith.

Verse 20

What is the use of saying much or little sense? When this Gaṇḍarāditya, who, as a warrior, is known thoughout the world, and who is undaunted in fierce battles, is enraged, he appropriates the treasure and extremely beautiful country of the Western King.

Line 37-50

The illustrious mahāmaṇḍaleśvara Gaṇḍarādityadeva—who has obtained the five mahāśabdas, who is the lord of Tagara, the best of cities, who is adorned with all royal titles such as ‘the Śilāhāra king,’ ‘he who is born in the family of Jīmūtavāhana,’ ‘he who has the golden eagle for his emblem,’ ‘a serpent to the hostile army,’ ‘a lion-like son of his father,’ ‘a veritable Bhairava to the hostile feudatories,’ ‘a lion to the elephants in the form of his form of his foes,’ ‘the god of love to courtesans,’ ‘Vatsarāja in respect of horse-riding,’ ‘Gāṅgeya (Bhīṣma) in regard to purity of conduct,’ ‘Rādheya (Karṇa) in respect of truthfulness,’ ‘the Sun of archers,’ ‘Nārāyaṇa in respect of handsome form,’ ‘Vikramāditya of the Kali Age,’ ‘he who is successful even on Saturdays,’ ‘he who has seized hill fortresses,’ and ‘who has obtained a boon by the favour of the divine Mahālakṣmī—who is governing his kingdom, holding pleasant conversation at his camp at the prosperous Valayavāḍa – has granted the two villages Aṅkulage and Boppeyavāḍa, adding thereto the village named Ādage, situated in the gampaṇa of Miriñje included in the Miriñje-deśa, exempted from all āruvaṇa, to be exempt from all taxes, to be free from all obstacles and to be enjoyed by sons and sons’ sons as long as the moon and the sun endure, to his feudatory Nolamba, who is adorned with all merits, who is the sun that makes the family of the Nigumbas bloom, who is adorned by his banner of the golden fish and the lordly serpent, who is the very ocean of propriety, and who has obtained a boon of the goddess Padmāvatī—when the śaka year one thousand and thirty-seven, in figures 1037, have elapsed, the cyclic year Manmatha being current, on Wednesday, the eighth tithi of the bright fortnight of Kārttika—on the following conditions—If the Nārgāvuṇḍas of the place perform the duty of the headman giving up āruvaṇa they would not get the gold coins for their maintenance, and if they do not want that office of the headman and behave as they like, they would not get the koḍevaṇa also.

Verse 21

In the holy and illustrious family of Nikumba was born a man named Horima, who was fond of fame, who regarded religious merit as his wealth, who was well-known, and was the sun to the lotuses in the form of famous Jaina congregations.

Verse 22

His son here was named Bīraṇa, and his younger brother was Arikesarin. That Bīraṇa’s son has become well-known by the name of Kuṇdāti.

Verse 23

His younger brother is the illustrious Nāyima, who has well protected all his relatives, and is a veritable moon to the ocean in the form of the Jaina religion. He was a well-conducted and good person, devoted to charity and great fame, and was known for his piety.

Verse 24

To him was born a valiant son named Nolamba, who obliges good people, who is devoted to religion, who is a lion to the elephants in the form of his enemies, and a bee attached to the lotuses that are the feet of the illustrious Gaṇḍarāditya.

Dynasty:Śilāhāra
Ruler:Gaṇḍarāditya
Date:Śaka 1037 (A.D. 1115)
Place:Unknown
Donee:Vassal Nolamba
Language:Sanskrit with influences of Kannada
Deities:-
Nature of grant:Land donation
Purpose:Grant of villages to vassal Nolamba
Provenance of inscription:Kolhapur, Maharshtra
Type of Inscription:Copperplate grant
Related Tags
Śilāhāra800 CE - 1200 CECopper PlateLand GrantReligiousKannadaSanskrit

Bibliography & Research

  • Altekar, A. S. (1936). The Śilāhāras of Western India. In: Bhandakar (Ed.). Indian Culture, 2, pp 393-434, here pp 422-423.
  • Mirashi, V. V. (Ed.). (1977). Corpus Inscriptionum Indicarum, Vol. VI: Inscriptions of the Śilāhāras. Archaeological Survey of India, pp xxix- and 214-221.
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